By Mufti Abdullah Nana
It is an extremely bold statement for a person to claim that a Hadith on a particular subject does not exist. For a person to substantiate such a claim, he/she must be able to verify that such a narration is not found in any of the 100,000 + Hadiths and thousands of volumes of Hadith literature. There are very few expert scholars in the world today who can conclusively state that a Hadith does not exist based on their extensive knowledge of almost every single Hadith in existence. An unqualified person who makes such a claim exposes himself/herself to many dangers. There is a great chance that this person does not have knowledge of an authentic narration attributed to the Holy Prophet sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam and may end up inadvertently rejecting this narration out of sheer ignorance. For this reason, the great scholars of Hadith would use the terminology, “I have not found this narration,” as opposed to saying, “So-and-so Hadith does not exist.”
There are specialists in every field, and the greatest specialists in the field of Hadith scholarship are the numerous scholars of the past who devoted their lives to the study of Hadith and memorized thousands of Hadith. Detailed biographies have been written on the lives of these great scholars, which include Imam Bukhari, Imam Tirmidhi, Hafidh Ibn Hajar, Hafidh Sakhawi, Imam Hakim, Hafidh Iraqi, Hafidh Dhahaby, Hafidh Zabidi, Hafidh Haythami, and others. Their knowledge of Hadith and their insight in this field is unparalleled in history. One can accurately describe many of these scholars as ‘walking computers’ in an era in which computers did not even exist. Ibn Rajab Hanbali, the student of Imam Ibn Taymiyyah, has written a book on the virtue of the knowledge of the scholars of the past over that of later generations. They meticulously examined the chains of narrators of Hadith, after studying the lives of thousands of narrators of Hadith, in order to determine the level of authenticity of these narrations. The expert opinions of these great Hadith scholars of the past are the highest authority in determining the authenticity of a Hadith.
Some people have claimed that no Hadith exists which states that the Du’as of a Haji for others are accepted, and have written an article to this effect. (http://www.farhathashmi.com/articles-section/belief-and-introspection/in-the-hajj-zone/) The author has not provided any substantiation for her claim and has not quoted any authorities in the field of Hadith to corroborate her claim. The claim made in this article is incorrect and in fact there are numerous narrations attributed to Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam in which he said that Allah forgives the sins of the Haji (a person who performs Hajj) and the person for whom the Haji prays to Allah to forgive. I have compiled a detailed analysis of the authenticity of these narrations and the entire discussion on this subject in Arabic below [please scroll to the end of this article]. For the benefit of the readers who do not understand Arabic, I will summarize the main points below.
These narrations do not mention the acceptance of all the invocations (Du’as) of the Haji, but specifically mention the prayers of the Haji in which he/she asks Allah to forgive others. Another version of this narration is in the form of an invocation of the Holy Prophet sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam asking Allah to forgive the sins of the Haji and the person for whom the Haji asks Allah to forgive. This narration has been quoted in numerous primary Hadith collections including Mustadrak Al-Hakim, Musnad Bazzar, Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, Mu’jam As-Saghir of Tabarani, Musnad Musaddad, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah, and numerous other books. Many secondary Hadith sources also quote this Hadith including Ithaaf As-Saadat Al-Muttaqin, At-Targhib Wa At-Tarhib, Lataaif Al-Maarif of Ibn Rajab, Majma’ Az-Zawaaid, Mukhtasar Zawaaid Al-Bazzaar, Khash Al-Khifa, Ithaaf Al-Khayarah Al-Maharah, Nasb Ar-Rayah, Mishkaat Al-Masabih, Kitab Al-Adhkaar, and others.
Imam Hakim has stated that the chain of narrators of this narration is authentic in conformity with the requirements of Sahih Al-Muslim, and Imam Dhahabi confirms this. Hafidh Haythami, Hafidh Ibn Hajar, and others have authenticated this narration. There is also another version of this narration narrated in Musnad Ahmad which is slightly weak.
Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam said, “When you meet a person who has returned from Hajj, then greet him, shake his hand, and ask him to seek forgiveness from Allah on your behalf before he enters his house, for verily his sins are forgiven.”
Hafidh Haythami writes that one of the narrators of this Hadith is weak, whereas Imam Zabidi has classified this narration as ‘Jayyid’ or reliable. In summary, many great scholars of Hadith have examined the chains of narrators of the subject matter of this Hadith – which mentions the Du’as of a Haji on behalf of others – and have accepted its authenticity.
Hafidh Sakhawi was asked if there was a specific period of time in which the sins of the Haji are forgiven and his prayers seeking forgiveness for others are answered. He dictated a detailed response to this question in his book, Al-Ajwibat Al-Mardhiyyah. He explains in light of the above-mentioned narrations that no specific period is fixed for the acceptance of the Du’as of the Haji on behalf of others and this is the established opinion. The evidence presented above should be sufficient to prove that the Du’as of the Haji on behalf of others are accepted. The only difference of opinion is regarding the time period of these Du’as being accepted. We will discuss this difference of opinion below.
Hafidh Sakhawi also acknowledges that there are some narrations reported from the Sahabah and Tabi’een specifying a time period for the Du’as of the Haji on behalf of others. There is no Hadith attributed directly to Rasulullah sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam in this regard, but there is a chain of narrators recorded in Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah which quotes Umar radiyallahu `anhu as saying that the Haji will be forgiven and his Du’as seeking forgiveness for others will be accepted for a total of 90 days, i.e. 20 remaining days of Dhul Hijjah, the entire month of Muharram, the entire month of Safar, and the first 10 days of Rabi’ Al-Awwal. Hafidh Busayri explains that a weak narrator is found in this chain, and Hafidh Ajlawni adds that a narrator may be omitted from this chain. Hafidh Ajlawni also quotes another similar narration stipulating 100 days as narrated by Yasin Az-Zayyat which also contains a weak narrator in its chain. Hafidh Sakhawi writes that these two weak narrations do lend support to one another. It can be inferred that the statement of Umar radiyallahu `anhu was indirectly gained from the Holy Prophet sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam because the subject matter of this narration cannot purely be deduced using one’s intellect, as is explained in books of Usul al-Hadith.
If we accept the authenticity of this report, then the time period for the acceptance of the Du’as of the Haji seeking forgiveness for others is 90 days and not 40 days as is commonly believed and quoted by the article in question. Hafidh Sakhawi acknowledges this view of 90-100 days, but gives preference to the view that there is no time limit or restriction for the acceptance of Du’as of the Haji for others. Perhaps, this is based on the higher level of authenticity of the general reports which do not fix a time period as opposed to the weaker narrations stipulating 90-100 days.
In summary, we can conclusively state that the acceptance of the Du’as of the Haji seeking forgiveness for others are based on authentic narrations; and we hope from Allah that other Du’as of the Haji will also be accepted. According to one opinion, these Du’as are accepted indefinitely, and according to another opinion, they are accepted for 90 days starting from the 10th of Dhul Hijjah. (The author humbly requests any Hajis who recently came back from Saudi Arabia to ask Allah to forgive his sins and the sins of all of mankind.)
Allah knows best.
Abdullah Nana
3 Muharram 1435 A.H.
November 7, 2013
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم
يغفر الله للحاج و لمن استغفر له الحاج –رواه البزار و الطبراني في الصغير و فيه شريك بن عبد الله النخعي و هو ثقة و فيه كلام و بقية رجاله رجال الصحيح (مجمع الزوائد ج 3 ص 483) قال البزار لا نعلم رواه هكذا إلا شريك لا عنه إلا حسين و لا سمعناه إلا من إبراهيم قلت (الحافظ ابن حجر) و هو إسناد حسن (مختصر زوائج البزار ج 1 ص 439) و رواه المنذري بصيغة “عن” و قال : رواه البزار و الطبراني في الصغير و ابن خزيمة في صحيحه و الحاكم لفظهما اللهم اغفر للحاج و لمن يستغفر له الحاج و قال الحاكم صحيح على شرط مسلم : في إسناده شريك القاضي و لم يخرج له مسلم إلا في المتابعات و يأتي الكلام عليه إن شاء الله (ج 2 ص 167) قال العراقي رواه الحاكم من طريق أبي هريرة و قال صحيح على شرط مسلم اه قلت (الزبيدي) و تعقب بأن فيه شريكا القاضي و لم يخرج له مسلم إلا في المتابعات و قد أخرجه البيهقي و الخطيب كذلك (إتحاف السادة المتقين ج 4 ص 275)
حدثنا بكر محمد بن الصيرفي بمرو ثنا جعفر بن محمد بن شاكر ثنا الحسين بن محمد المروذي ثنا شريك عن منصور عن أبي حازم عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم اللهم اغفر للحاج و لمن استغفر له الحاج هذا حديث صحيح على شرط مسلم و لم يخرجاه و أقره الذهبي (المستدرك للحاكم ج 1 ص 441)
و عن عبد الله بن عمر رحمه الله قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم
إذا لقيت الحاج فسلم عليه و صافحه و مره أن يستغفر لك قبل أن يدخل بيته فإنه مغفور له – رواه أحمد و فيه محمد بن البيلماني و هو ضعيف (مجمع الزوائد ج 3 ص 692) و قال الزبيدي و روا أحمد من حديث ابن عمر مرفوعا إذا لقيت الحاج فسلم عليه و صافحه و مره أن يستغفر لك قبل أن يدخل بيته فإنه مغفور له و هذا شاهد جيد للجملة الأولى من قول عمر (إتحاف السادة المتقين ج 4 ص 275)
حدثنا عبد السلام بن حرب عن ليث عن مجاهد قال قال عمر يغفر للحاج و لمن استفغر له الحاج بقية ذي الحجة و المحرم و صفرا و عشرا من شهر ربيع الأول (مصنف ابن أبي شيبه ج 8 ص 29) – قال البوصيري رواه مسدد و في سنده ليث بن أبي سليم و الجمهور على تضعيفه و له شاهد في مسند أحمد بن حنبل من حديث ابن عمر مرفوعا … و آخر من حديث أبي هريرة رواه البزار (اتحاف الخيرة المهرة ج 3 ص 265)
يغفر للحاج و لمن استغفر له الحاج
قال العجلوني رواه البزار و الطبراني في الصغير عن أبي هريرة رفعه و رواه ابن خزيمة في صحيحه و الحاكم في مستدركه و البيهقي بلفظ اللهم اغفر للحاج و لمن استغفر له الحاج و قال الحاكم على شرط مسلم و تعقب بأن في سنده شريك القاضي و لم يخرج له (إلا) في المتابعات و لكن له شاهد عند التيمي في ترغيبه عن مجاهد مرسلا و نحوه ما رواه أحمد عن أبي موسى الأشعري قال إذا رجع يعني الحاج من الحج المبرور رجع و ذنبه مغفور و دعاؤه مستجاب إلى غير ذلك من الآثار كما بينها السخاوي في أماليه و روى أحمد أيضا عن ابن عمر مرفوعا إذا لقيت الحاج فسلم عليه و صافحه و مره أن يستغفر لك قبل أن يدخل بيته فإنه مغفور له و لمسدد في مسنده و أبي الشيخ في الثواب و غيرها عن عمر أنه قال يغفر للحاج و لمن يستغفر له الحاج بقية ذي الحجة و المحرم و صفرا و عشرا من ربيع الأول و هو من رواية ليث بن أبي سليم و هو ضعيف عن عمر و هو على ما ظن منقطع و يشهد له ما جاء عن يونس بن اسباط عن يس الزيات و هو ضعيف أنه قال يغفر للحاج و لمن يستغفر له الحاج في ذي الحجة و المحرم و صفر و عشرين من ربيع كما ذكره الدينوري في المجالسة و مثله لا يقال من قبل الرأي فحكمه الرفع قال في المقاصد و يمكن أن تكون حكمته أن أكثر الحاج يصل لمكة في أول ذي الحجة أو قبله بيسير و معلوم أن الحسنة بعشر أمثالها فيجعل لكل يوم من عشر ذي الحجة ما عدا يوم الوقوف لمزيد الثواب فيه عشرة أيام فبلغ ذلك تسعين يوما القدر المذكور في حديث عمر (كشف الخفا ج 2 ص 530)
مسألة هل ورد تعيين أمد للمغفرة للحاج؟
فالجواب الثابت الإطلاق كحديث يغفر للحاج و لمن استغفره له الحاج و في لفظ اللهم اغفر للحاج و لمن استغفر له الحاج و في حديث آخر إذا لقيت الحاج فسلم عليه و صافحه و مره أن يستغفر لك قبل أن يدخل بيته فإنه مغفور له و في إيرادها و ما يشبهها طول و لكن عند مسدد في مسنده و أبي الشيخ و غيرها بسند في ضعف عن عمر رضي الله عنه أنه قال يغفر للحاج و لمن يستغفر له الحاج بقية ذي الحجة و المحرم و صفر و عشرا من ربيع و عند الدينوري في الثاني عشر من مجالسته من جهة ياسين الزيات أنه قال يغفر للحاج و لمن استغفر له الحاج من ذي الحجة و المحرم و صفر و عشرين من ربيع و لا يثبت في المرفوع من ذلك شيء مع أن أحد هذين الأثرين يتقوى بالآخر لو تواردا على لفظ واحد و يقال حينئذ إن هذ في حكم المرفوع لكون الرأي لا مجال له فيه ثم يتكلف لحكمه و الله المستعان (الأجوبة المرضية ج 3 ص 1044)
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